What diagnostic tests are used to diagnose acromegaly?
Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder that occurs when the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone (GH). It is usually caused by a pituitary tumor and is characterized by overgrowth of the bones and soft tissues, especially in the hands, feet, and face.
Several diagnostic tests are commonly used to diagnose acromegaly. Here are some of the key tests:
1. Medical History and Physical Examination: The doctor will ask about the person's symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical examination to look for signs of acromegaly, such as enlarged hands, feet, and facial features.
2. Growth Hormone (GH) Level Test: A blood test is done to measure the levels of growth hormone in the blood. High GH levels may indicate acromegaly.
3. Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) Test: IGF-1 is a hormone produced in the liver in response to growth hormone. High IGF-1 levels can also suggest acromegaly.
4. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): This test involves measuring GH and/or IGF-1 levels after the person drinks a sugary drink (glucose). Normally, GH levels should decrease after glucose intake, but high levels in the OGTT may indicate acromegaly.
5. Pituitary Imaging: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary gland is often done to check for the presence of a pituitary tumor that may be causing acromegaly.
6. Visual Field Test: This test is done to assess the person's peripheral vision. Pituitary tumors can sometimes affect the optic nerves and cause visual field defects.
7. Bone Density Scan (DEXA): A DEXA scan may be performed to assess bone density and check for osteoporosis, which is common in people with acromegaly.
In some cases, additional tests, such as specialized hormonal tests, may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions with similar symptoms.
It's important to note that the specific tests used to diagnose acromegaly may vary depending on individual cases and may be determined by the healthcare provider based on the person's symptoms and initial findings.