What Is an Epiretinal Membrane?

An epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a thin, transparent layer of scar tissue that can form on the surface of the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. ERMs are common in adults over the age of 50, and they are usually asymptomatic. However, in some cases, ERMs can cause vision problems, such as blurred vision, distorted vision, or floaters.

ERMs are thought to be caused by a variety of factors, including aging, eye trauma, and retinal detachment. The risk of developing an ERM is also increased in people who have certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and eye inflammation.

ERM diagnosis involves a comprehensive eye exam including visual acuity testing, pupil dilation, and examination of the retina with an ophthalmoscope or a slit lamp. Additional tests, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), may be recommended to assess the thickness and location of the ERM.

There are no specific treatments for ERMs, as they are often asymptomatic and do not progress. However, if an ERM is causing vision problems, treatment options may include observation, surgery, or laser therapy.

Surgery may be recommended for ERMs that are causing significant vision problems. During surgery, the ERM is carefully peeled off the surface of the retina. Laser therapy, known as vitrectomy, is another treatment option for ERMs. During laser therapy, a laser is used to shrink or remove the ERM.

The prognosis for people with ERMs is generally good. Most people with ERMs do not experience any vision problems, and those who do often see improvement with treatment.