What are common causes of apnea in adults?

Apnea, or the temporary cessation of breath during sleep, can have several causes in adults. Some common causes include:

1. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): This is the most common form of sleep apnea, characterized by repetitive episodes of complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, usually due to relaxation of the muscles that support the tongue and palate. Risk factors for OSA include being overweight or obese, having a large neck circumference, a narrow airway, or certain facial features, and being male.

2. Central Sleep Apnea (CSA): This occurs when the brain fails to send signals to the muscles that control breathing, resulting in pauses in breathing during sleep. CSA is less common than OSA and is often associated with medical conditions such as heart failure, stroke, or neurological disorders.

3. Mixed Sleep Apnea: This refers to a combination of obstructive and central sleep apnea events occurring in the same individual.

4. Supine Sleep Apnea: Some individuals may experience sleep apnea primarily or exclusively when lying on their backs. This can be related to anatomical factors or obesity, which can contribute to airway narrowing in the supine position.

5. Medication-Induced Apnea: Certain medications, such as opioids, sedatives, and muscle relaxants, can depress the respiratory drive and contribute to sleep apnea.

6. Nasal Obstruction: Severe nasal congestion or obstructions, such as a deviated nasal septum or nasal polyps, can also contribute to sleep apnea by impairing airflow through the nose and increasing the risk of upper airway collapse during sleep.

It's important to note that the causes of apnea can vary widely among individuals, and multiple factors may be involved. If you suspect you may have sleep apnea, it's recommended to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and management.