What is bolus in an infusion pump?

In the context of an infusion pump, a bolus refers to a specific amount of medication or fluid that is delivered by the pump in a short period of time, typically over several seconds or minutes. It is distinct from the basal rate, which is the continuous rate of infusion.

A bolus can be programmed or triggered manually. Some infusion pumps have separate keys or buttons for delivering a bolus, while others may require selecting a bolus mode or entering the desired dose or amount.

There are various uses for boluses in infusion therapy:

Correctional Bolus: This type of bolus is given to rapidly correct high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) in individuals with diabetes. The amount of the bolus is calculated based on the person's blood glucose level and their insulin sensitivity.

Meal Bolus: In insulin pump therapy, a meal bolus is delivered before eating to cover the expected rise in blood sugar after a meal. The dose of the bolus is based on factors such as carbohydrate intake, insulin sensitivity, and individual treatment goals.

Rescue Bolus: This refers to a bolus dose given to treat hypoglycemia or low blood sugar levels. It typically involves rapid administration of a high concentration of glucose solution.

Medication Bolus: Some infusion pumps can be used to deliver medications other than insulin, such as antibiotics, pain relievers, or chemotherapy drugs. Bolus doses may be used for immediate release of the medication.

When administering bolus doses, it's important to follow the prescribed protocol or consult with a healthcare professional to ensure appropriate dosing and timing. Infusion pumps often have safety features and alarms to help prevent errors or accidental overdoses.