What is anaphalaxis?

Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to an allergen. It involves a sudden and widespread release of chemicals such as histamine and cytokines from immune system cells, leading to symptoms that can affect multiple organ systems.

Common triggers for anaphylaxis include:

1. Foods: Peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, eggs, milk, wheat, soy, etc.

2. Insect bites/stings: Bee, wasp, yellow jacket stings

3. Medications: Antibiotics (penicillin), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), chemotherapy drugs, etc.

4. Latex: Natural rubber products such as gloves, balloons, condoms

5. Others: Rarely, exercise, cold temperatures, or certain medical procedures can also cause anaphylaxis.

Symptoms of anaphylaxis may include:

1. Skin: Hives, swelling, itching, warmth, redness

2. Respiratory: Difficulty breathing, wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath

3. Cardiovascular: Rapid pulse, low blood pressure, fainting, dizziness

4. Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

5. Neurological: Confusion, anxiety, seizures, unconsciousness

6. Other: Swollen tongue, throat constriction, difficulty swallowing

Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment. If you or someone you know experiences symptoms of anaphylaxis, call emergency services immediately. Initial treatment involves administering epinephrine (adrenaline) through an auto-injector device (EpiPen) to counter the severe allergic reaction.

People at risk for anaphylaxis are often prescribed an epinephrine auto-injector and advised to carry it with them at all times. Other preventive measures include allergen avoidance, careful reading of food labels, and wearing a medical alert bracelet or necklace. Consulting with an allergist/immunologist is crucial for proper diagnosis, allergen identification, and management of anaphylaxis.