What is endothelium?

The endothelium is a thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. The endothelium serves many important functions, including:

1) Regulating the passage of substances between the blood and the tissues. The endothelium acts as a semi-permeable barrier that allows certain substances to pass through while blocking others. This function is essential for maintaining the proper balance of fluids and ions in the body.

2) Producing chemicals that regulate blood pressure, blood flow, and inflammation.

3) Preventing the blood from clotting. The endothelium produces an anticoagulant called prostacyclin that helps to keep the blood from forming clots.

4) Promoting the growth of new blood vessels. The endothelium is involved in the process of angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones.

5) Protecting the blood vessels from damage. The endothelium is a tough layer of cells that helps to protect the blood vessels from damage caused by physical forces, chemicals, and toxins.

Dysfunction of the endothelium is associated with several diseases, including heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. Therefore, maintaining the health of the endothelium is essential for overall health and well-being.