What does a tranformer do?

A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors—the transformer's coils. Electrical energy is transferred between the coils through the magnetic field.

The transformer's coils are wound around a core of ferromagnetic material, such as iron, which concentrates the magnetic field. When an alternating current (AC) flows through the primary coil, it creates a magnetic field in the core. This magnetic field then induces an AC current in the secondary coil.

The voltage of the AC current in the secondary coil is determined by the ratio of the number of turns in the primary and secondary coils. For example, if the primary coil has 100 turns and the secondary coil has 200 turns, the voltage of the AC current in the secondary coil will be twice the voltage of the AC current in the primary coil.

Transformers are used in a variety of applications, including:

* Power distribution: Transformers are used to step up the voltage of electricity for transmission over long distances. This is necessary because the power loss in a transmission line is proportional to the square of the current, so it is more efficient to transmit electricity at a high voltage and low current.

* Power generation: Transformers are used to step up the voltage of electricity generated by power plants. This is necessary because the voltage of electricity generated by power plants is typically too low for transmission over long distances.

* Industrial applications: Transformers are used in a variety of industrial applications, such as welding, electroplating, and lighting.

* Consumer electronics: Transformers are used in a variety of consumer electronics devices, such as televisions, radios, and computers.