What happens when air bubbles got into the blood system?

Air bubbles in the blood system, also known as air embolism, is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition. When air bubbles enter the bloodstream, they can cause a blockage in blood vessels, preventing the flow of oxygen-rich blood to vital organs and tissues. This can lead to a range of complications and even death.

Here's what happens when air bubbles enter the blood system:

1. Air bubble formation: Air bubbles can enter the bloodstream in various ways, such as during medical procedures like intravenous (IV) infusions, surgeries, or trauma to the chest or neck. When air is introduced into the blood vessels, it forms bubbles that can travel through the circulatory system.

2. Blockage of blood vessels: Air bubbles can obstruct the flow of blood by blocking blood vessels. This blockage can occur in any part of the body, including the brain, heart, lungs, or other vital organs.

3. Reduced oxygen supply: As air bubbles block blood vessels, they restrict the delivery of oxygen-rich blood to tissues and organs. This deprivation of oxygen can cause tissue damage and organ dysfunction.

4. Heart and brain complications: Air bubbles can travel to the heart and cause a condition called air lock, where they obstruct the flow of blood out of the heart's chambers. This can lead to cardiac arrhythmias, reduced heart function, and potentially cardiac arrest. Air bubbles in the brain can block blood flow to the brain, causing neurological symptoms, including confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness.

5. Pulmonary embolism: If air bubbles reach the lungs, they can cause pulmonary embolism, which is a blockage in the pulmonary artery. This can lead to shortness of breath, chest pain, and reduced oxygen levels in the blood.

6. Systemic air embolism: In severe cases, air bubbles can spread throughout the systemic circulation, affecting multiple organs and causing widespread tissue damage. Systemic air embolism is a medical emergency and can lead to cardiovascular collapse and death if not treated promptly.

Immediate medical attention is crucial when air embolism is suspected. Treatment typically involves measures to stabilize the patient, remove air bubbles from the circulation, and support vital organ functions. This may include oxygen therapy, fluid resuscitation, medications, and specialized medical procedures to extract the air bubbles.