What are large volume parenteral products?

Large volume parenteral products (LVPs) are sterile preparations intended for administration to patients by injection or infusion through the parenteral route. They usually contain multiple-dose vials, pre-filled syringes, or IV bags / bottles containing volumes greater than 100 mL.

Examples of large volume parenteral products:

- Electrolytes (e.g., sodium chloride, potassium chloride)

- Dextrose solutions (e.g., 5% dextrose in water, 10% dextrose in water)

- Amino acid solutions (e.g., parenteral nutrition)

- Lipids (e.g., intravenous fat emulsions)

- Blood products (e.g., whole blood, packed red blood cells, plasma, platelets)

- Contrast media (e.g., for radiography and computed tomography)

- Antimicrobials (e.g., antibiotics, antifungals)

- Anesthetics (e.g., propofol, fentanyl)

- Sedatives (e.g., midazolam, lorazepam)

- Analgesics (e.g., morphine, hydromorphone)

- Anticonvulsants (e.g., phenytoin, levetiracetam)

LVPs require special care and attention to ensure their safety, sterility, and accuracy of dosage. They are usually administered in a hospital or other healthcare setting by trained healthcare professionals. Strict adherence to proper storage, handling, and administration protocols is crucial to prevent potential complications.