Ask The Expert: When to Take What OTC Medication

Over-the-Counter (OTC) medications can provide safe and effective relief for a wide range of common ailments. However, it's important to know when to take these medications and how to use them safely. Here are some guidelines on when to take OTC medications:

1. Pain Relief:

For mild to moderate pain, OTC pain relievers such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), acetaminophen (Tylenol), or naproxen sodium (Aleve) can provide relief. Ibuprofen and naproxen sodium are both anti-inflammatory drugs, while acetaminophen primarily reduces fever and relieves pain.

- When to Take: Take pain relievers as directed on the product label. Do not exceed the recommended dosage. If pain persists for more than 3 days, consult a doctor.

2. Cough and Cold Symptoms:

For coughs, congestion, or other cold symptoms, various OTC medications are available. Decongestants such as pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine can help relieve nasal congestion. Cough suppressants like dextromethorphan can reduce coughing.

- When to Take: Follow the dosing instructions on the medication label. Use cough suppressants only for dry, non-productive coughs. If your cough is persistent, severe, or accompanied by a fever, consult a healthcare professional.

3. Allergies:

OTC allergy medications, such as antihistamines (e.g., loratadine, cetirizine, diphenhydramine) can provide relief from allergy symptoms like sneezing, itchy eyes, runny nose, and hives.

- When to Take: Start taking antihistamines before allergy season begins or as soon as symptoms appear. Do not take antihistamines that cause drowsiness if you need to be alert, such as before driving.

4. Diarrhea and Constipation:

OTC medications can help control diarrhea (e.g., loperamide, bismuth subsalicylate) or relieve constipation (e.g., polyethylene glycol, bisacodyl).

- When to Take: Use anti-diarrhea medications only when necessary. If diarrhea is severe or persists for more than 24 hours, seek medical attention. Talk to a doctor before taking OTC laxatives if you have certain medical conditions or are pregnant.

5. Acid Reflux:

For heartburn and acid reflux, OTC antacids (e.g., calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide) can provide quick relief. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like omeprazole (Prilosec) or esomeprazole (Nexium) can reduce stomach acid production.

- When to Take: Take antacids as needed, but not more than the recommended dosage. PPIs should be taken on an empty stomach, usually in the morning, as prescribed.

6. Sleep Aids:

OTC sleep aids containing diphenhydramine, doxylamine, or melatonin can help with occasional sleeplessness.

- When to Take: Take sleep aids only when needed and for short-term use. Avoid operating machinery or driving after taking sleep aids.

It's important to read the medication label carefully before taking any OTC medications. Always consult with a healthcare professional or pharmacist if you have underlying health conditions, are pregnant or breastfeeding, or are unsure about taking a specific medication.