What Are Earwigs?

Earwigs are insects characterized by a distinctive pair of pincers or forceps-like appendages at the rear of their body. Here are some key facts and characteristics about earwigs:

Classification:

- Earwigs belong to the order Dermaptera.

- There are around 2,000 known species of earwigs.

Morphological Features:

- Earwigs have an elongated, flattened body typically ranging from 5 to 50 millimeters (0.2 to 2 inches) in length.

- The body is segmented and somewhat flexible.

- They have six legs and a pair of short antennae on their heads.

- The most prominent feature of earwigs is the pair of cerci (forceps) at the tip of their abdomens. These cerci can vary in shape and size depending on the species.

Habitat:

- Earwigs are common in moist habitats such as damp woodlands, forests, gardens, and even in urban areas.

Diet:

- Most earwigs are omnivorous feeders.

- They primarily consume decaying organic matter like plant debris, fruits, dead insects, and small worms.

- Some species are also known to occasionally feed on living plant tissue.

Earwig Myths:

- There is a persistent myth that earwigs crawl into human ears and damage the eardrums. This is, however, highly unlikely because earwigs do not exhibit any particular attraction to human ears.

Noises:

- Some earwig species, particularly male earwigs, can produce hissing or clicking sounds by forcefully expelling air from specialised structures under their wings.

Defensive Behavior:

- Most earwigs use their prominent cerci as defense. They can pinch or grasp predators. The pincers serve as a deterrent to protect them if threatened.

Life Cycle:

- Earwigs undergo a gradual metamorphosis with three developmental stages: egg, nymph, and adult.

- Earwigs have parental care because female earwigs often guard their broods of eggs till they hatch.

Economic Significance:

- Earwigs generally do not cause significant damage to crops or gardens and therefore, are not treated as agricultural pests.

- Some species might cause slight cosmetic harm to ornamental plants if present in large numbers.

Despite their unique body form and the name's eerie association, earwigs are usually considered harmless to humans and play a part in nutrient cycling by breaking down and consuming organic matter. Their presence often means a healthy, vibrant ecosystem.