What is acute otitis media?

Acute otitis media (AOM), commonly referred to as an ear infection, is a bacterial or viral infection of the middle ear, the air-filled space behind the eardrum. It is a common condition, especially in young children, and can cause significant pain and discomfort.

Symptoms of AOM:

- Ear pain, which can be severe

- Fever

- Headache

- Difficulty sleeping

- Fussiness or irritability

- Ear discharge

- Hearing loss

Causes of AOM:

- Bacteria: The most common cause of AOM is a bacterial infection, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Moraxella catarrhalis.

- Viruses: Viruses can also cause AOM, particularly in young children. Viral AOM is often associated with a cold or flu.

Risk Factors for AOM:

- Age: Children under 2 years old are at the highest risk of developing AOM.

- Frequent exposure to secondhand smoke

- Attending daycare

- Bottle feeding

- Allergies

- Cleft palate

- Enlarged adenoids

Treatment for AOM:

- Antibiotics: Antibiotics are the main treatment for bacterial AOM. They are typically taken orally for 10-14 days.

- Pain relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can be used to relieve pain and fever.

- Rest: Getting plenty of rest can help the body fight off the infection.

- Warm compresses: Applying a warm compress to the affected ear can help to reduce pain and discomfort.

Prevention of AOM:

- Vaccinations: The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine can help to prevent AOM caused by these bacteria.

- Avoid secondhand smoke

- Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life

- Avoiding bottle feeding while lying down

- Keeping the child's ears dry

- Prompt treatment of upper respiratory infections

When to See a Doctor:

- If your child is under 6 months old and has symptoms of AOM

- If symptoms do not improve within 48 hours of starting antibiotics

- If symptoms worsen

- If your child has a history of ear infections or complications