What is arthrolysis?

Arthrolysis is a surgical procedure that aims to improve joint mobility by excising or mobilizing the fibrous or scar tissue surrounding the joint. This procedure relieves stiffness or restrictions in the range of motion of the affected joint. It can be performed on various joints in the body, such as the knee, hip, elbow, shoulder, or ankle.

Indications:

1. Joint Stiffness: Arthrolysis is often considered for individuals experiencing persistent stiffness or limited mobility in a joint due to conditions such as osteoarthritis, post-traumatic stiffness, or other joint disorders that limit joint motion.

2. Post-traumatic stiffness: Arthrolysis may be necessary to correct stiffness and contractures resulting from injuries or trauma.

3. Joint Contracture: When a joint is stuck in a bent position due to scar tissue or abnormal soft tissue contracture, arthrolysis can help loosen and reposition the involved tissues to restore mobility.

4. Failed Joint Replacement: Arthrolysis may be performed in revision joint replacement surgery to loosen scar tissue and improve the functioning of the replaced joint.

Procedure:

1. Anesthesia: Arthrolysis can be performed under general or regional anesthesia, depending on the preference of the surgeon and the patient's condition.

2. Incision: The surgeon creates an incision over the affected joint, allowing access to the scar tissue or adhesion restricting movement.

3. Scar Tissue Removal: The surgeon carefully excises or releases the fibrous scar tissue surrounding the joint. This may involve scraping, cutting, or using specialized surgical instruments.

4. Joint Mobilization: Once the scar tissue is removed, the surgeon gently manipulates the joint to improve its flexibility. This part of the procedure also helps to prevent the formation of new scar tissue.

5. Closure: After achieving sufficient joint mobilization, the surgical wound is closed using absorbable or non-absorbable sutures.

Post-surgery, the patient may require immobilization of the joint with a splint or cast for a short duration to allow proper healing. This is followed by supervised physical therapy to regain strength, range of motion, and function of the affected joint.