Edible Medicinal Plants

There is a growing interest in treating diseases and conditions with medicinal plants. Many common herbs and even common weeds can be enlisted to alleviate symptoms of all types and aid in the prevention of disease. However, the uses are often traditional, without a large amount of scientific research to verify and quantify the actual benefit.

Horseradish (Armoracia lapathifolia)

• This well-known beef condiment has medicinal properties.

  Horseradish is native to Europe but has established itself in the wild in North America after escaping cultivation. Wild horseradish can be found along roadsides and in low meadows. The carrot-like white root can be grated to create a peppery condiment that pairs well with beef. The young leaves of horseradish can be added to salad or boiled with mild greens. Author and naturalist Euell Gibbons hailed the medicinal properties of wild horseradish in his book "Stalking the Healthful Herbs." The root, when ingested, is reputed to be a strong diuretic that may aid in preventing kidney stones and even in expelling small kidney stones, as well as curing intestinal parasites. Horseradish also stimulates the digestive system. It is high in vitamin C and helps ward off colds or lessen the symptoms.

Peppermint (Mentha piperita)

• Peppermint is used to flavor candy, of course, but the plant also has a long history of medicinal use.

  Peppermint grows throughout Europe and North America and has a long history of medicinal use. Peppermint leaves steeped in hot water make an excellent tea and can be used to flavor green drinks and smoothies. The National Institutes of Health have found some evidence that symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome may be improved by ingesting peppermint leaves. It also helps cases of indigestion and improves bad breath. A processed form of the plant, peppermint oil, can be beneficial, too--aromatherapy with peppermint oil mixed with rosemary and lavender has proved helpful in improving motor skills and muscle pain in stroke victims.

Burdock (Arctium lappa)

• Burdock is a common roadside weed whose roots and stalk have medicinal uses.

  Burdock is native to Europe and naturalized in large portions of North America. It stands tall along roadsides and has large leaves similar to rhubarb but with a coarse texture. Thistles appear at the top of the branches during the second year. The roots of the plant have an edible core, which should be collected from first-year plants with no leaf stalk. The center of the young stalk is also edible. The National Institutes of Health have preliminary research that shows a possible anti-cancer benefit to consuming burdock. It may also lower blood sugar. Historically, burdock was used to restore energy and give strength.

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon)

• This North American native is high in vitamin C and anti-oxidants.

  Cranberries are native to North America and grow on woody vines. The bright red berries are used in sauces and juice. They are also available as a dried fruit snack and are used in baking. The berries are high in vitamin C and anti-oxidants; the anti-oxidants may reduce the risk of cancer and promote cardiac health. Cranberry juice is used to treat urinary tract infections and to prevent gastric ulcers. Traditionally, cranberries were used to prevent vitamin C deficiencies such as scurvy.