The Uses of Arnica

Arnica is a perennial plant that is cultivated for use as an herbal medicine. It is usually applied topically in the form of creams, gels and poultices to treat sore muscles, heal bruises and abrasions, reduce inflammation and painful swelling and generally aid the healing of minor injuries such as sprains. Information published by the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMM) states that arnica is sometimes taken internally as a homeopathic remedy, but that it should only be ingested under a doctor's supervision.

The Plant

• Arnica grows from a rhizome and reaches up to 24 inches in height. Other common names for the plant include mountain arnica, mountain tobacco, wolfsbane and leopards bane. Its scientific name is Arnica montana. The website Botanical states that arnica is indigenous to Central Europe but has also naturalized in England and Southern Scotland. It grows in loamy soil and propagates by seed and root division. Arnica produces a bright yellow-orange flower similar to a daisy. During blooming season, the flower is harvested for fresh and dry use. The root is also used for medicine purposes and is collected in the fall after the foliage has died.

Scientific Support

• Although arnica has been used as an herbal remedy for hundreds of years, the American Cancer Society reports that scientific evidence compiled through a variety of studies does not support most of the claims of arnica's medicinal value.

Warnings

• Topical use of arnica as a cream, ointment or poultice is generally safe and presents few side effects with occasional use. However, arnica should not be applied to open wounds or broken skin. Prolonged use may cause blistering, eczema, peeling and other skin irritations. Internal use of arnica may cause heart irregularities, vomiting or dizziness. UMM reports that large doses may even cause death. Pregnant or nursing women and children are cautioned against ingesting arnica. Arnica should only be used internally under a doctor's supervision.