Toxic Effects of Tea Tree Oil

Melaleuca oil, also known as tea tree oil, comes from a tree native to Australia. It is commonly used as a topical antiseptic. It has antifungal and disinfectant properties. Tea tree oil is used to treat acne, minor wounds, abrasions and infections. It is generally considered safe for external use, but should not be used internally, as it can be toxic.

Side Effects

• When taken internally, tea tree oil can cause toxicity, even in small amounts. According to the National Institute of Health, "Several reports describe people using tea tree oil by mouth who developed severe rash, reduced immune system function, abdominal pain, diarrhea, lethargy, drowsiness, inflammation of the corners of the mouth, slow or uneven walking, confusion or coma." Additionally, some essential oils or other therapeutic oils may contain large quantities of alcohol.

Precautions

• Though it is generally considered safe for external use, some may have allergic reactions to melaleuca or similar plants in the myrtle family. Common allergic reactions include skin irritation or rash, burning or itching. Medicine Net warns that because the FDA has not evaluated tea tree oil product for safety and effectiveness, you should check with your physician before using tea tree oil if you are already using another topical medication. Also, because herbal products are not specifically regulated, there is no guarantee of the quality or purity of tea tree oil you buy. Always be cautious when trying a new product and use it as directed.

Expert Insight

• Experts at the Mayo Clinic agree that, while there is no specific dosage of tea tree oil, shampoos, lotions or other topical products containing 5 to 10 percent melaleuca can be used daily for up to four weeks. The safety of tea tree oil for children has not been determined. Also, until there are further conclusive studies, it is not recommended for women who are pregnant or nursing.

Significance

• Although not recommended for internal use, the National Institute of Health (NIH) does recognize a number of generally accepted uses for tea tree oil, including acne, athlete's foot, bad breath, dandruff, eye infections, nail fungus, genital herpes, lice, staph infections, thrush and vaginitis. In almost all cases, NIH states further studies are warranted, but tea tree oil is widely used for a number of fungal or bacterial type infections.

Prevention/Solution

• As with any new therapy, check with your physician or health care practitioner before trying tea tree oil for the first time. Use topically, and only as directed. If you're using a tea tree oil mouthwash, be careful not to swallow, and thoroughly rinse your mouth after use.