Melatonin Facts

Over-the-counter supplemental melatonin is used as an alternative to prescription sleeping pills, which can have sometimes hazardous side effects. People report that the supplement helps induce sleep, but the National Institute of Health considers the research inconclusive.

Function

• Melatonin supplements are generally used to help induce sleep and ease jet lag. Melatonin is a hormone naturally produced by the pineal gland, located at the base of the brain. Called the hormone of darkness for its role in helping the body maintain its natural time clock, melatonin levels increase at night and decrease at dawn.

Features

• Supplemental melatonin is available in 0.1 and 0.5 mg strengths. Dosage ranges from 0.5 to 10 mg at bedtime. Melatonin comes in tablet, liquid and sub-lingual (to be placed under the tongue) forms.

Effects

• Although people who take melatonin claim that it helps induce sleep, clinical research results are considered inconclusive and effects of long-term use are not yet known. For those who take the supplement, the National Institute for Health states that it is considered safe in recommended doses and if used short-term. Side effects are thought to be mild and rare. Melatonin has also been used with dogs to reduce anxiety, promote hair growth and reduce hair loss.

Types

• Most melatonin sold in the U.S. is synthetic grade, but natural grade is also available. Natural or animal grade features actual pineal gland extracts. Synthetic grade melatonin contains pharmaceutical ingredients. Natural and synthetic melatonin are molecularly identical.

Considerations

• Considered an herbal supplement, melatonin is not regulated by the FDA. Consumers are advised to speak with a physician before taking a supplement, including melatonin. Driving should be avoided after taking melatonin because of possible drowsiness. There are concerns about transmission of viruses through animal products, so synthetic is recommended over natural grade.

Potential

• ScienceDaily.com reports that researchers have found that consumed melatonin may help fight oxidants and the effects of free radicals and delay the neurodegenerative effects of aging. Research is exploring other uses for melatonin, such as to strengthen of the immune system and to promote a sense of well-being.