How does low albumin cause edema?

Low albumin levels can cause edema, or fluid retention in the tissues, due to a decrease in the osmotic pressure in the blood vessels. Albumin is a protein found in the blood plasma that helps to maintain the balance of fluids between the blood vessels and the tissues. It acts as a colloid, which means that it attracts and holds onto water molecules.

When albumin levels are low, the osmotic pressure in the blood decreases, allowing fluid to leak out of the blood vessels and into the surrounding tissues. This can cause swelling, or edema, in the hands, feet, ankles, and legs. Edema can also occur in the lungs, causing shortness of breath, or in the abdomen, causing abdominal swelling and discomfort.

Low albumin levels can be caused by a variety of conditions, including:

* Liver disease: The liver is responsible for producing albumin, so liver damage or disease can lead to low albumin levels.

* Kidney disease: The kidneys help to regulate the balance of fluids in the body, and kidney disease can lead to fluid retention and low albumin levels.

* Malnutrition: A diet that is deficient in protein can lead to low albumin levels.

* Certain medications: Some medications, such as diuretics, can cause low albumin levels.

* Pregnancy: Pregnancy can cause low albumin levels due to the increased demand for albumin by the growing fetus.

If you have edema or other symptoms of low albumin, your doctor will likely order blood tests to measure your albumin levels and determine the cause. Treatment for low albumin depends on the underlying cause, but may include medications, dietary changes, and lifestyle modifications.