What is neural tube defect?

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a group of birth defects that occur when the neural tube, which is the precursor to the brain and spinal cord, does not close properly. This can lead to a variety of problems, including spina bifida, anencephaly, and encephalocele.

NTDs are thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some of the genes that have been linked to NTDs include those involved in folate metabolism, which is essential for proper neural tube development. Environmental factors that have been linked to NTDs include smoking, alcohol consumption, and certain medications.

NTDs can be prevented by taking folic acid supplements before and during pregnancy. Folic acid is a B vitamin that is essential for proper neural tube development. The recommended daily dose of folic acid for women who are planning to become pregnant or who are already pregnant is 400 micrograms.

NTDs can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including ultrasound, amniocentesis, and blood tests. Treatment for NTDs depends on the specific type of defect. Some NTDs can be treated with surgery, while others can only be managed with supportive care.

NTDs are a serious group of birth defects, but they can be prevented by taking folic acid supplements. If you are planning to become pregnant or are already pregnant, talk to your doctor about ways to prevent NTDs.