What is dry age related macular degeneration?

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common eye disease that affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. It is the leading cause of sight loss in people over 50 in developed countries.

There are two main types of AMD: dry and wet. Dry AMD is the most common form, accounting for about 90% of cases. It occurs when the macula gradually thins and deteriorates over time. This can cause blurred or distorted vision, and difficulty reading or recognizing faces.

Dry AMD progresses slowly, and vision loss can be gradual. In some cases, it can lead to severe vision impairment or even blindness, but this is less common than with wet AMD.

Risk factors for dry AMD include:

* Age: AMD is more common as people get older.

* Family history: People with a family history of AMD are more likely to develop the condition.

* Smoking: Smoking increases the risk of AMD.

* High blood pressure: High blood pressure can damage the blood vessels in the eye, increasing the risk of AMD.

* Obesity: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of AMD.

* Light eye color: People with light-colored eyes are more likely to develop AMD.

* Sun exposure: Prolonged exposure to sunlight without protective eyewear can damage the macula and increase the risk of AMD.

There is no cure for dry AMD, but there are treatments that can slow the progression of the disease and help preserve vision. These include:

* Antioxidants: Antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, can help protect the macula from damage.

* Lutein and zeaxanthin: These are carotenoids found in leafy green vegetables that have been shown to help protect the macula.

* Zinc: Zinc is a mineral that is essential for eye health. It can help slow the progression of dry AMD.

* Low-vision aids: These devices can help people with AMD make the most of their remaining vision.