What system removes toxic substances from the blood?

The urinary system is responsible for removing toxic waste from the blood and producing urine. The major components of the urinary system include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Here's a simplified overview of how the urinary system works:

1. Kidneys: The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products and toxins from the blood. Blood enters the kidneys through the renal arteries, and the filtration process occurs within tiny structures called nephrons. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons. Within the nephrons, essential substances like water, glucose, and electrolytes are reabsorbed into the blood, while waste products and excess water are collected to form urine.

2. Ureters: The ureters are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Urine flows through the ureters due to the force of gravity and the muscular contractions of the ureter walls.

3. Bladder: The bladder serves as a storage organ for urine. When urine reaches the bladder, the bladder muscles relax to allow urine to accumulate. As the bladder fills, it sends signals to the brain indicating the need to urinate.

4. Urethra: The urethra is a tube that carries urine out of the body during urination. When you urinate, the bladder muscles contract and the sphincter muscles at the base of the bladder relax, allowing urine to flow through the urethra and out of the body.