How ethyl alcohol reacts in human body?

Ethyl alcohol, also known as ethanol or drinking alcohol, undergoes several reactions in the human body after consumption. Here is a general overview of how ethyl alcohol is metabolized:

1. Absorption: Ethyl alcohol is primarily absorbed through the stomach and small intestine into the bloodstream. The rate of absorption depends on several factors, including the concentration of alcohol, the presence of food in the stomach, and individual factors such as body weight and gender.

2. Distribution: Once absorbed, alcohol is distributed throughout the body fluids and tissues. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the central nervous system, where it affects brain function and behavior.

3. Metabolism: Alcohol metabolism primarily occurs in the liver, with a small amount also metabolized in the stomach and other tissues. The main enzyme responsible for alcohol metabolism is alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which converts alcohol into acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde is a toxic substance that can cause damage to cells and tissues.

4. Acetaldehyde Metabolism: Acetaldehyde is further oxidized to acetate by the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Acetate is a harmless substance that can be used as an energy source or excreted from the body.

5. Elimination: The majority of alcohol is eliminated from the body through the kidneys as urine. A small amount is also eliminated through sweat and exhalation.

The effects of alcohol consumption depend on several factors, including the amount consumed, the rate of consumption, individual tolerance, and other physiological and environmental factors. Alcohol can impair judgment, coordination, and reaction time, and it can also affect mood, behavior, and cognitive function. Excessive and chronic alcohol consumption can lead to various health problems, including liver damage, heart disease, cancer, and addiction. Responsible and moderate alcohol consumption, within recommended guidelines, is generally considered safe for most adults.