What happens in osteo porosis?
What is osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a condition that causes bones to become weak and brittle. It is the most common bone disease in the United States, affecting an estimated 10 million people. Osteoporosis is more common in women than in men, and it is most likely to occur in older adults.
What causes osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis occurs when the body does not make enough new bone or when too much old bone is broken down. This can happen for a number of reasons, including:
* Aging: As people age, their bones naturally lose mass. This is because the body produces less of the hormone estrogen, which helps to protect bones.
* Menopause: Women who have gone through menopause are more likely to develop osteoporosis. This is because estrogen levels drop significantly after menopause.
* Certain medications: Some medications, such as corticosteroids and thyroid hormone replacement therapy, can cause osteoporosis.
* Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as Cushing's syndrome and diabetes, can also lead to osteoporosis.
* Family history: People who have a family history of osteoporosis are more likely to develop the condition.
What are the symptoms of osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis often does not cause any symptoms in its early stages. As the condition progresses, people may experience:
* Back pain
* Bone fractures
* Height loss
* Kyphosis (a humpback)
* Tooth loss
How is osteoporosis diagnosed?
Osteoporosis is diagnosed with a bone density test. This test measures the amount of calcium and other minerals in the bones. A bone density test can be done on the hip, spine, or forearm.
How is osteoporosis treated?
There are a number of treatments for osteoporosis, including:
* Calcium and vitamin D supplements: Calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone health. People with osteoporosis should take supplements of these nutrients if they are not getting enough of them from their diet.
* Bisphosphonates: Bisphosphonates are a type of medication that helps to slow down bone loss.
* Other medications: Other medications that can be used to treat osteoporosis include teriparatide, raloxifene, and strontium ranelate.
* Lifestyle changes: People with osteoporosis can also help to improve their bone health by making some lifestyle changes, such as:
* Getting regular exercise
* Eating a healthy diet
* Avoiding smoking
* Limiting alcohol intake
How can osteoporosis be prevented?
There are a number of things that people can do to help prevent osteoporosis, including:
* Getting enough calcium and vitamin D: Calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone health. People should get the recommended amount of these nutrients from their diet or through supplements.
* Exercising regularly: Exercise helps to build strong bones. People should get at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise most days of the week.
* Maintaining a healthy weight: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of osteoporosis.
* Avoiding smoking: Smoking damages bones.
* Limiting alcohol intake: Drinking too much alcohol can interfere with calcium absorption and lead to bone loss.
Osteoporosis is a serious condition, but it can be prevented and treated. By following these tips, you can help to keep your bones healthy and strong.