Is a Colonoscopy Necessary?

Colorectal cancer affects the large intestine and the rectum, the latter which is considered the final six inches of the colon. MayoClinic.com reports that colorectal cancers affect approximately 40,000 men and women each year; many of them starting as tiny polyps that develop into cancer over time. If the polyps are found in the early stages of development, they can be removed before turning malignant.

What is a Colonoscopy?

• A colonoscopy is an outpatient procedure that is performed by a gastroenterologist. It entails the insertion of a tiny camera into the colon via a flexible tube. The American Gastroenterological Association explains that the camera is capable of producing high-quality images that give the gastroenterologist the ability to diagnose the health of the colon.

Age 50 and Over

• If you are over 50, the American Cancer Society recommends a colorectal cancer screening. This recommendation includes having a colonoscopy to be performed at least every 10 years if you are at average risk for polyps. If you are a high-risk patient, a colonoscopy is necessary at least every 2 years. For patients who exhibit very large polyps that are flat in appearance, a colonoscopy may be necessary every few months to monitor the health of the colon.

Who is at Risk?

• If you are a smoker, maintain a sedentary lifestyle or consume more than one to two alcoholic beverages per day, you may be at risk for colorectal cancer. Also, for those with poor dietary habits that include a high-fat diet and failure to eat the recommended amounts of fruits, vegetables and whole grains that are essential for providing your body with the antioxidants needed to prevent cancer; a colonoscopy is necessary.

Polyp Removal

• If polyps are found during a routine colonoscopy, they are often removed in a procedure referred to as a polypectomy. If the polyps are small and the gastroenterologist feels it's appropriate, they will be removed at the time of the colonoscopy. According to the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, polypectomys can result in excessive bleeding, which is often caused by a perforation of the colon wall. In this rare situation, surgery is required to repair the injury.

When to See the Doctor

• If you are younger than 50 or between the recommended colonoscopy screening times, there are certain conditions that may deem it necessary to speak to your gastroenterologist about a colonoscopy. If you notice any changes in your bowel movements such as the presence of blood, or changes in consistency, frequency or color, it's a good idea to seek medical advice. This is especially true if feelings of fatigue, abdominal pain and unexplained weight loss accompany the bowel changes.