What are the primitive reflexes of a newborn?

The primitive reflexes of a newborn are automatic, involuntary responses to specific stimuli. These reflexes help the newborn to adapt to their new environment and survive in the first few months of life. They also provide a window into the development of the nervous system and can help to identify any potential neurological problems.

Some of the most common primitive reflexes include:

* Rooting reflex: When the newborn's cheek is stroked, they will turn their head towards the stimulus and open their mouth. This reflex helps the newborn to find the breast or bottle for feeding.

* Sucking reflex: When something is placed in the newborn's mouth, they will begin to suck. This reflex helps the newborn to take in milk and get nutrition.

* Swallowing reflex: When the newborn's throat is stimulated, they will swallow. This reflex helps the newborn to prevent choking and to get milk or other fluids into their stomach.

* Moro reflex (startle reflex): When the newborn is suddenly startled, they will extend their arms and legs and then draw them back in. This reflex helps the newborn to protect themselves from harm.

* Palmar grasp reflex: When something is placed in the newborn's palm, they will grasp it tightly. This reflex helps the newborn to hold onto objects and to pull themselves up.

* Stepping reflex: When the newborn is held upright and their feet touch a surface, they will make a stepping motion. This reflex helps the newborn to prepare for walking.

* Tonic neck reflex: When the newborn's head is turned to one side, their arm and leg on that side will extend and their arm and leg on the other side will flex. This reflex helps the newborn to maintain balance.

These primitive reflexes typically begin to disappear around 4-6 months of age as the baby's nervous system matures. However, some primitive reflexes may persist for longer in some babies.