What is nigrecia?

Nigrescence is a concept that refers to the psychological process of developing a Black identity and self-awareness, particularly in the United States. It was first introduced by William E. Cross Jr., a prominent African-American psychologist, in his 1971 book "The Negro to Black Conversion Experience."

Cross proposed a five-stage model of nigrescence, describing the journey of African Americans from a state of internalized oppression to a state of self-affirmation and liberation. The stages are as follows:

1. Pre-encounter: Individuals are at a stage of psychological and ideological assimilation into the dominant culture. They may deny or minimize their Blackness and experience internal conflict due to internalized racism.

2. Encounter: A triggering event or experience exposes individuals to the oppressive nature of society and their Black identity. This stage is often characterized by feelings of anger, frustration, and confusion.

3. Immersion-Emersion: Individuals actively seek to learn about their Black heritage, culture, history, and struggles. They may engage in activities such as reading Black literature, joining Black organizations, and participating in social movements.

4. Internalization: At this stage, individuals internalize the values and beliefs of the Black community and begin to define themselves as Black in a positive and affirmative way. This stage is often marked by a sense of pride and self-determination.

5. Internalization-Commitment: Individuals move beyond a self-focused perspective and become committed to the collective liberation and empowerment of the Black community. They engage in activism, advocacy, and other forms of social justice work to advance the rights and well-being of Black people.

The concept of nigrescence highlights the importance of self-awareness, self-acceptance, and the development of a strong cultural identity for Black individuals within a society that often marginalizes and oppresses them. It has been influential in the field of Black psychology and has inspired further research and understanding of the unique challenges and experiences faced by African Americans.