Is anger common to all living beings?

Yes, anger is a common emotion experienced by many living beings. While the experience and expression of anger may vary across species, it is generally characterized by feelings of annoyance, irritation, or fury, often triggered by perceived threats, frustrations, or injustices.

Humans: Anger is a fundamental human emotion and is closely tied to our survival instincts and self-preservation. Humans express anger through various means such as verbal outbursts, aggressive behavior, or physical expressions like scowling or frowning.

Animals: Anger has been observed in many animal species, including mammals, birds, and even some reptiles. For instance, chimpanzees and other primates exhibit anger through displays of teeth, chest-beating, and vocalizations. Dogs and cats may show anger through growling, hissing, or baring of teeth.

Insects: While anger as an emotion may be more difficult to define in insects, certain species display behaviors that resemble anger. For example, some ants exhibit aggressive responses when their nests are disturbed, and honeybees may sting when feeling threatened.

Plants: Plants do not experience emotions like anger in the same way that animals and humans do. However, some plants have evolved defense mechanisms that could be interpreted as anger-related responses. For instance, some plants release toxins or deterrents to ward off predators.

It's important to note that the concept of anger may vary across different species, and how it is expressed and experienced can differ based on the organism's biology, evolutionary history, and environmental context.