Bundle Branch Block: What to Know

Bundle branch block (BBB) is a condition that affects the electrical pathway between the heart's atria (upper chambers) and ventricles (lower chambers). Normally, an electrical signal travels down the bundle branches and causes the ventricles to contract. However, in BBB, the electrical signal is blocked or delayed, causing the ventricles to contract later than normal.

What Causes Bundle Branch Block?

BBB can be caused by several conditions, including:

- Coronary artery disease (CAD)

- Heart attack

- Cardiomyopathy

- Hypertension (high blood pressure)

- Diabetes

- Obesity

- Smoking

- Advanced age

Symptoms of Bundle Branch Block

BBB often causes no symptoms. However, some people with BBB may experience:

- Chest pain

- Shortness of breath

- Lightheadedness

- Fainting

- Palpitations (fast or irregular heartbeat)

Diagnosis of Bundle Branch Block

BBB can be diagnosed with an electrocardiogram (ECG). This test measures the heart's electrical activity and can show the delayed or blocked electrical signal. Other tests that may be used to diagnose BBB include:

- Echocardiogram

- Cardiac MRI

- Electrophysiological study (EPS)

Treatment of Bundle Branch Block

Treatment for BBB depends on the underlying cause and may include:

- Medications to improve heart function

- Angioplasty and stent placement to open blocked arteries

- Surgery to repair heart valve problems

- Lifestyle changes, such as losing weight, eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and quitting smoking

Prognosis of Bundle Branch Block

The prognosis for BBB depends on the underlying cause. Most people with BBB live normal, active lives. However, some people with BBB may develop complications that can lead to heart failure.