Orchitis? - Answers

Orchitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the testicles, usually caused by an infection or injury. Here are some key aspects of orchitis:

Causes:

- Infectious: Bacterial or viral infections, such as mumps, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like gonorrhea or chlamydia, or infections caused by tuberculosis, brucellosis, or salmonella.

- Non-infectious: Trauma, torsion of the testes (twisting), autoimmune responses, allergic reactions, or certain medications.

Symptoms:

- Pain and swelling in one or both testicles.

- Tenderness in the affected area.

- Fever, chills, and general malaise.

- Lower abdominal pain.

- Difficulty or pain during urination.

- Redness or warmth in the scrotum.

- Nausea and vomiting.

Treatment:

- Infectious orchitis: Antibiotics for bacterial infections, antiviral medications for viral infections, or specific treatment based on the underlying cause.

- Non-infectious orchitis: Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, such as pain relievers, rest, scrotal support, and addressing any underlying conditions.

Complications:

- Infertility: Severe or prolonged orchitis can affect sperm production and lead to infertility.

- Chronic pain: Ongoing discomfort or pain may persist after infection resolves.

- Testicular atrophy: Shrinkage of the testicle due to prolonged inflammation or damage.

- Epididymitis: Spread of infection to the epididymis (tube connecting the testes to the vas deferens).

- Sepsis: Severe bacterial infections can lead to sepsis, a life-threatening condition.

Diagnosis:

- Physical examination by a healthcare provider, including assessment of testicular pain and swelling.

- Medical history review, including sexual activity and any recent illnesses.

- Blood tests to detect infection or other underlying conditions.

- Imaging tests (ultrasound, MRI) to evaluate the testicles and surrounding structures.

Prevention:

- Practicing safe sex, including condom use, to reduce the risk of STIs.

- Receiving vaccinations against mumps and other viral infections.

- Seeking prompt medical attention for any testicular pain or swelling.

It's important to consult a healthcare provider if you experience symptoms of orchitis to receive timely and appropriate treatment. Early intervention can help minimize complications and improve outcomes.