Types of Brown Spiders in American Southeast

While there are literally hundreds of species of spiders in the American Southeast, many being brown in color, here are a few of the species that are most typically encountered in this part of the country. While not all are venomous, all should be approached with caution and respect.

Brown Recluse (Loxosceles reclusa)

• The name brown recluse smartly sums up the characteristics and habits of this spider. While commonly found in homes, the brown recluse is rarely seen, favoring attics, storage areas and other dark recesses. Still, proper identification of this spider is paramount due to the dangerous venom of its bite. Brown recluse spiders range in color from light tan to dark brown and share a distinctive violin-shaped mark on the back. Adults have a leg span of approximately 1 1/2 inches. A non-aggressive spider, the brown recluse only bites humans when handled or startled. Bites commonly occur when people put a foot into a shoe containing a brown recluse or roll over on them in bed. Brown recluse bites have the potential to cause necrosis if left untreated; therefore, suspected bites should be addressed immediately.

Brown Widow (Latrodectus geometricus)

• One of five widow species found in the U.S., the brown widow is thought to be an introduced species in America. Brown widows are primarily found throughout Florida, but have been located in other southeastern states (most likely due to stowaways on vehicle undercarriages). While ranging in color from light tan to nearly black, brown widows are easily recognized by the infamous hourglass marking on the abdomen. Like black widows, only the female delivers the venomous bite, though typically only when threatened or handled. Another defining characteristic of the brown widow is the distinctive egg sac, which is spherical and covered with small spikes.

Wolf Spider (Family Lycosidae)

• There are several species of wolf spider, ranging in size from 1/2 to little more than 1 inch. The brown varieties of wolf spider are commonly seen throughout homes in the cold months of the year. Because they are hunters, not web builders, wolf spiders may roam freely in search of prey. This behavior is one of the first signs that a human has encountered a wolf spider, not a shy brown recluse (for which it is commonly mistaken). Distinctive markings, sometimes called "Union Jack impressions" are visible on the backs of wolf spiders. Wolf spider venom is non-lethal to humans, but their bite is nonetheless painful.

Orb Weaver (Family Araneidae)

• Those who have encountered a round-bellied, spindly-legged spider in their home or garden have likely come face-to-face with an orb weaver. While some are brightly-colored, several species of orb weaver are light to dark brown; all have a claim to fame in the way of proficient web building. Harmless to humans but a nightmare for mosquitoes, flies and other pesky insects, orb weavers are considered by many to be beneficial house guests.