What causes bladder explosion?

Bladder explosion is extremely rare and refers to a catastrophic rupture of the urinary bladder. It can be caused by several factors:

1. Severe Trauma: Direct significant physical trauma, such as a high-speed collision or a fall from a height, can cause the bladder to rupture.

2. Overdistension: Acute overfilling or overdistension of the bladder, usually due to obstruction, can lead to bladder explosion. This is rare in healthy individuals, but it can occur in conditions like urinary retention or when there is a blockage caused by tumors, stones, or enlarged prostate in males.

3. Iatrogenic Causes: Medical interventions gone wrong, such as surgical errors during procedures involving the bladder or the use of excessive force during catheterization, may cause bladder rupture.

4. Pathological Conditions: Certain medical conditions, including bladder cancer, radiation cystitis (damage to the bladder due to radiation therapy), or weakened bladder walls due to disease or injury, can make the bladder more susceptible to rupture.

5. Neurogenic Bladder: A neurogenic bladder, which occurs when the nerves that control the bladder are dysfunctional, can sometimes lead to overdistension and increased risk of rupture.

Bladder rupture is a serious medical emergency and requires prompt surgical intervention. The symptoms may include sudden intense pain in the lower abdomen, difficulty urinating, and blood in the urine. Diagnosis involves imaging techniques like CT scans or ultrasounds to assess the extent of the injury. Treatment typically involves surgical repair of the bladder and management of any complications.