Breast Cancer Screenings: What’s New and What’s Best?

Breast cancer screening is an important tool for early detection of cancer. Regular screening can help identify tumors at an early stage when they are more likely to be successfully treated. There have been several advances in breast cancer screenings, and the best approach may vary depending on individual factors.

1. Mammography: Traditional mammography remains the most widely used breast cancer screening method. It involves taking X-rays of the breasts to look for abnormalities, such as lumps or changes in breast tissue. Mammography has made significant improvements in image quality and techniques, including 3D mammography (tomosynthesis) and contrast-enhanced mammography, to enhance cancer detection.

2. Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT): DBT is an advanced mammography technique that takes multiple thin slices of the breast to create a 3D image. It provides better visualization of breast tissue and reduces the chances of overlapping tissue obscuring abnormalities. DBT is often recommended as an additional tool during regular mammography screenings.

3. Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography (CESM): CESM involves injecting a contrast agent into the patient’s bloodstream before taking mammogram images. The contrast agent helps enhance the visibility of blood vessels and can highlight suspicious areas that may be cancerous. CESM is useful for dense breast tissue or when more detailed information is needed.

4. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional images of the breasts. It is primarily recommended for high-risk individuals or for further evaluation of suspicious findings from other screening methods.

5. Ultrasound: Ultrasound imaging can provide additional information about breast abnormalities detected on mammograms. It uses sound waves to create images of the breast and can help differentiate between solid tumors and fluid-filled cysts.

6. Contrast-Enhanced Mammography (CEM): CEM combines traditional mammography with the injection of a contrast agent. It helps enhance the visibility of blood vessels and can be used to further evaluate suspicious areas identified during regular mammograms.

7. Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI): MBI is a relatively new technique that uses radioactive tracers to identify metabolic changes in breast tissue associated with cancer. It is sometimes used in combination with mammography or ultrasound for more comprehensive screening.

The American Cancer Society recommends the following breast cancer screening guidelines:

- Women aged 40 and older should have regular mammograms every 1-2 years.

- Women with a higher risk should discuss with their doctor when to start screening and what additional methods may be appropriate.

It is important for women to talk to their doctors about their individual risk factors, screening options, and any new advancements in breast cancer screening to make informed decisions about their health.