How Breast Cancer Affects Fertility

Breast cancer and its treatment can affect fertility in several ways:

1. Chemotherapy and Radiation: Chemotherapy drugs and radiation therapy used to treat breast cancer can damage the ovaries and eggs, leading to temporary or permanent infertility. The extent of damage depends on factors like the type and dose of treatment, age, and individual response.

2. Hormonal Therapy: Certain hormonal therapies, such as tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors, commonly used in breast cancer treatment, can cause temporary menstrual irregularities and fertility issues while on treatment.

3. Surgery: In some cases, breast cancer surgery may involve removing the ovaries as a preventive measure, especially if there's a genetic risk of developing ovarian cancer. This would result in immediate and permanent infertility.

4. Early Menopause: Breast cancer treatment can sometimes cause early menopause, meaning the menstrual cycle stops prematurely. This can lead to reduced fertility or infertility.

5. Psychological Factors: The emotional and psychological impact of a breast cancer diagnosis and its treatment can also affect fertility. Stress, anxiety, and depression can disrupt the menstrual cycle and make it harder to conceive.

It's important for women diagnosed with breast cancer to discuss fertility concerns with their healthcare team before starting treatment. Fertility preservation options, such as egg freezing or embryo freezing, may be considered to help preserve future fertility if there's a desire to have children.