What to Expect: Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the breast. It is the most common cancer among women in the United States, after skin cancer.
What are the signs and symptoms of breast cancer?
The most common sign of breast cancer is a new lump or mass in the breast that was not there before. Other signs and symptoms may include:
* A change in the size, shape, or appearance of the breast
* Dimpling or puckering of the skin of the breast
* A nipple that turns inward or changes shape
* Discharge from the nipple, other than breast milk
* Redness, scaling, or thickening of the nipple or breast skin
* Pain in the breast or nipple
What are the risk factors for breast cancer?
The risk of breast cancer increases with age. Women over the age of 50 are at higher risk. Other risk factors include:
* A personal history of breast cancer
* A family history of breast cancer
* Certain genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2
* Obesity
* Physical inactivity
* Smoking
* Alcohol use
* Hormone replacement therapy
* Radiation exposure
How is breast cancer diagnosed?
Breast cancer is diagnosed through a variety of tests and procedures, including:
* Mammography: A low-dose X-ray of the breast that can detect early signs of breast cancer.
* Ultrasound: A sound wave imaging technique that can be used to distinguish between solid and fluid-filled masses in the breast.
* Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): A powerful magnet and radio waves are used to create detailed images of the breast.
* Biopsy: A procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed from the breast and examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
How is breast cancer treated?
The treatment for breast cancer depends on the stage of the disease, the type of breast cancer, and the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include:
* Surgery to remove the cancerous tumor
* Radiation therapy to kill any remaining cancer cells
* Chemotherapy to kill cancer cells throughout the body
* Hormone therapy to block the growth of cancer cells
* Targeted therapy to attack specific proteins that are involved in the growth and survival of cancer cells
What is the outlook for breast cancer?
The outlook for breast cancer depends on the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis and the type of breast cancer. The earlier breast cancer is detected and treated, the better the outlook.
How can I reduce my risk of breast cancer?
There are a number of things you can do to reduce your risk of breast cancer, including:
* Maintain a healthy weight
* Get regular exercise
* Eat a healthy diet
* Avoid tobacco smoke
* Drink alcohol in moderation
* Limit your exposure to radiation
* Talk to your doctor about genetic testing if you have a family history of breast cancer