How is cancer controlled?

Controlling cancer involves managing its growth, spread, and symptoms. Several approaches are used to control cancer:

Surgery: Surgical removal of the tumor is often the first line of treatment. The goal is to remove as much of the tumor as possible while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue.

Radiotherapy: High-energy X-rays or other forms of radiation are used to kill cancer cells. Radiation can be delivered externally (external beam radiation) or internally (brachytherapy).

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy drugs are used to kill cancer cells throughout the body. These drugs can be taken orally, injected, or administered through a vein (intravenously).

Targeted Therapy: Targeted drugs are designed to block the growth and spread of cancer cells by interfering with specific molecules or proteins involved in cancer development.

Immunotherapy: This approach enhances the body's own immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. Immunotherapy includes treatments like checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, and cancer vaccines.

Hormone Therapy: Some cancers, such as breast and prostate cancer, are influenced by hormones. Hormone therapy may involve hormone suppression, blocking, or replacement to control cancer growth.

Palliative Care: This type of care focuses on managing symptoms and improving the quality of life for people with advanced cancer. It may include pain management, symptom control, psychological support, and nutritional counseling.

The specific approach to controlling cancer depends on the type and stage of cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences. Treatment plans are typically developed by a team of healthcare professionals, including oncologists, surgeons, radiation oncologists, and other specialists.