Can other things beside HPV cause cervical cancer?

Yes, there are other factors that can contribute to the development of cervical cancer aside from human papillomavirus (HPV). Some of these include:

- Weakened immune system: People with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, are more susceptible to developing cervical cancer.

- Long-term use of oral contraceptives: Women who have used oral contraceptives for more than five years have a slightly increased risk of cervical cancer. However, the risk decreases after women stop taking oral contraceptives.

- Smoking: Smoking cigarettes has been linked to an increased risk of cervical cancer.

- Multiple sexual partners: Women who have had multiple sexual partners have an increased risk of HPV infection and, therefore, cervical cancer.

- Chlamydia infection: Women with a history of chlamydia infection have a higher risk of developing cervical cancer.

It's important to note that while these factors can increase the risk of cervical cancer, they do not necessarily cause the disease. HPV infection remains the primary cause of cervical cancer. Regular cervical cancer screenings and practicing safe sex can help prevent and detect the condition at an early stage, leading to better treatment outcomes.