What is the difference between uterus and cervix?

Uterus and cervix are two important organs of the female reproductive system. Here are their key differences:

1. Location:

- Uterus: The uterus is a hollow, muscular organ located in the lower abdomen, between the bladder and the rectum.

- Cervix: The cervix is the lower, narrow end of the uterus which projects into the upper part of the vagina.

2. Structure:

- Uterus: The uterus consists of three layers - the endometrium (inner lining), myometrium (muscular layer), and perimetrium (outer serosal covering).

- Cervix: The cervix has a cylindrical shape with a small opening at its center called the external os and another opening inside the uterus called the internal os.

3. Function:

- Uterus: The primary function of the uterus is to provide a suitable environment for the implantation and growth of a fertilized egg during pregnancy. It provides nourishment and protection to the developing fetus and undergoes muscular contractions during childbirth to expel the baby.

- Cervix: The cervix functions as a passageway between the vagina and the uterus. It produces mucus that changes consistency during the menstrual cycle to allow the passage of sperm into the uterus during ovulation and prevent foreign substances from entering. During pregnancy, the cervix remains closed to retain the fetus and undergoes dilation during childbirth to allow the baby's passage.

4. Clinical Significance:

- Uterus: Uterine disorders include uterine fibroids, endometriosis, adenomyosis, uterine prolapse, uterine cancer, etc.

- Cervix: Cervical disorders include cervical polyps, cervical dysplasia, cervical cancer, etc.

5. Reproductive Significance:

- Uterus: Implantation of the fertilized egg occurs in the endometrium (inner lining) of the uterus during pregnancy.

- Cervix: Sperm cells pass through the cervical mucus to reach the uterus during fertilization.