What is cervical cancer?

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the cells lining the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. It is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide.

Cervical cancer is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is a very common virus that can be spread through sexual contact. HPV infection is necessary for cervical cancer to develop, but not all HPV infections lead to cancer. Most HPV infections go away on their own, but some can persist and cause cell changes that can lead to cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer is often curable if it is found and treated early. Regular Pap tests, which can detect cell changes that may lead to cancer, are important for early detection of cervical cancer. Treatment for cervical cancer may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.