How is spinal cord tumor diagnosed?

Diagnosis of a spinal cord tumor involves several steps and may include the following procedures:

1. Medical History and Symptoms: The doctor begins by asking about the person's medical history, including symptoms such as back pain, weakness, sensory changes, or difficulty walking.

2. Physical and Neurological Examination: This may involve checking for muscle weakness, reflexes, coordination, balance, and sensory function in the affected areas.

3. Imaging Tests: The main imaging test used to diagnose spinal cord tumors is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI provides detailed images of the spinal cord and can identify tumors, their location, and extent.

4. Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies: These tests can help evaluate nerve and muscle function and identify any abnormalities caused by the tumor.

5. X-rays: Sometimes, X-rays are used to evaluate bone changes associated with the tumor.

6. Biopsy: In some cases, a biopsy is performed to obtain a sample of tumor tissue for further analysis and confirmation of the tumor type. This may involve a procedure called a stereotactic biopsy, guided by imaging studies, to precisely reach the tumor site.

7. Blood Tests: Certain blood tests may be done to assess general health and rule out other medical conditions.

8. Bone Scan: A bone scan may be performed to detect any abnormalities in bone structure related to the tumor.

Once a spinal cord tumor is diagnosed, the doctor may order additional tests to determine the tumor's characteristics and plan the appropriate treatment.