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The Effects of Chemotherapy on the Fingernails

Chemotherapy kills cells, both good and bad, which can have an adverse effect all over the body. The hair and skin can be noticeably changed by chemotherapy, as can fingernails. Although not everyone will see changes in their fingernails during chemotherapy treatment, most will experience at least superficial effects. There are ways to treat the symptoms of these changes and help prevent more serious complications.

  1. Superficial Changes

    • Many chemotherapy patients will see at least minor changes in the fingernails. White, vertical lines may appear and grow out with the nail. Some nails may also show a yellowish or dark discoloration. Patients may also notice deep ridges developing in the fingernails, although these changes are superficial and shouldn't cause any discomfort.

    Severe Changes

    • In some cases, fingernails will become extremely fragile. They can split open and even separate from the finger completely, which can cause severe pain in the nail bed. These changes also increase the chances of developing an infection. Chemotherapy patients already have a lowered immunity so severe fingernail changes can develop into a big problem. Complications like these are more likely when taxane drugs are used in the treatment.

    Treatment

    • Superficial changes in fingernails do not require any treatment and will eventually grow out with the nails. However, more serious effects might require intervention. Some oncologists and oncology nurses recommend icing the fingernails in order to prevent nail splitting and/or loss. Some patients use bags of frozen vegetables while others wear frozen mittens during treatment. If the fingernails do split or separate from the finger, antibiotic ointment should be applied to the exposed nail bed in order to fight infection.

    Recovery Time

    • Fortunately, nail changes in chemotherapy patients are temporary. Even severe side effects, such as the loss of fingernails, will eventually improve once treatment is over. In some cases, the fingernails may not fully recover until months after the last treatment. However, patients who take good care of their nails will soon find relief from any adverse effects.

    Preventative Care

    • There are ways to help keep the nails as strong as possible during chemotherapy. Although patients may still experience nail changes, using preventative care may prevent severe side effects. False nails should not be worn during chemotherapy, although nail polish is considered safe and can help protect the surface. Nail polish remover, which weakens the nails, should be used sparingly. Patients should also keep the nails trimmed short and wear protective gloves while doing chores.

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