Colon Cancer & Patient Education

Colon cancer occurs when a polyp, a cancerous growth, appears on the surface of the colon. According to the National Cancer Institute, colon cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, affecting thousands of Americans. If detected early, it can be treated.

Symptoms

• Some symptoms of possible colon cancer are bloody stools, constipation and diarrhea. Individuals may also experience abdominal pain, gas and cramping. Unexplained weight loss is also a sign. An individual should see a physician for any sudden changes in his or her bowel habits.

Causes

• Colon cancer mostly begins when polyps start forming on the colon lining. If detected early, the polyps can be removed and examined to determine if they are cancerous or not.

Risk Factors

• Many factors can increase one's risk of colon cancer. One of these is age. A majority of the diagnosed patients are older than 50. Individuals who smoke and/or drink alcohol have a higher risk. Genetics, diabetes and obesity can be factors as well.

Diagnosis

• One of the most popular tests for screening colon cancer is the colonoscopy. During this test, a long, flexible tube is used to view the colon and rectum. If any polyps are found, they can be removed. Other tests that could be done are a barium enema, a fecal occult blood test and a sigmoidoscopy.

Prevention

• Colon cancer might be prevented by making a few lifestyle changes. It is best to eat plenty of fruits and vegetables, exercise moderately, stop smoking and drink alcohol only in moderation. Also, have regular colon cancer screenings.