What tests are done after colon cancer has been diagnosed?

After a diagnosis of colon cancer has been made, several tests and examinations may be recommended to determine the extent of the cancer and to plan appropriate treatment. These tests may include:

1. Physical Examination: A thorough physical examination to assess the patient's overall health and look for any signs of cancer spread or other medical conditions.

2. Blood Tests: Blood tests, including complete blood count (CBC) and blood chemistry panels, may be performed to evaluate overall health and check for any blood abnormalities related to cancer.

3. Imaging Studies: Imaging tests, such as computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may be used to determine the size, location, and extent of the colon cancer and to identify any nearby affected structures or organs.

4. Endoscopy: Repeat endoscopy with biopsy may be performed to examine the colon and rectum in more detail, remove any remaining cancerous tissue, and check for any other polyps or abnormalities.

5. Colonoscopy: A more detailed examination of the entire colon and rectum using a flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope). It allows the doctor to visualize the colon, remove polyps, and take biopsies of any suspicious areas.

6. Biopsy: A biopsy, where a small sample of tissue is removed from the cancerous area, may be performed during an endoscopy or colonoscopy. The tissue sample is examined under a microscope to confirm the cancer diagnosis and determine its type and stage.

7. Ultrasound: An ultrasound examination may be used to evaluate the abdominal area, including the liver and lymph nodes, to check for any signs of cancer spread.

8. Chest X-ray: A chest X-ray may be recommended to rule out any signs of cancer spread to the lungs.

9. Rectal Examination: A rectal exam may be performed to examine the rectum and lower part of the colon for any abnormalities.

10. Echocardiogram: This test may be done if there is concern about the health of the heart and its ability to tolerate certain treatments.

11. Pulmonary Function Tests: These tests may be performed if there are concerns about the functioning of the lungs, especially before certain types of surgery.

12. Pathology Tests: The tissue samples obtained during a biopsy or surgery may undergo various pathology tests, including immunohistochemistry and molecular testing, to determine specific characteristics of the cancer and guide treatment decisions.

The specific tests performed will depend on the individual patient's situation and the stage of their cancer. Your healthcare team will recommend the most appropriate tests based on your condition.