What side effects can a colonoscopy have?

Colonoscopy is generally considered a safe procedure, but it can have some potential side effects. The most common side effects include:

1. Abdominal cramping and bloating: These are typically mild and temporary and may be caused by the air or water used to inflate the colon during the procedure.

2. Nausea and vomiting: These occur less frequently and are usually related to the sedatives or anesthesia used during the colonoscopy.

3. Rectal bleeding: Slight bleeding may occur after the colonoscopy due to the removal of polyps or tissue samples during the procedure. However, excessive or persistent bleeding should be reported to the doctor immediately.

4. Bruising or soreness at the injection site: Some patients may experience bruising or soreness at the site where the sedative or anesthesia was injected.

5. Perforation (Colon wall tear): This is a rare but serious complication that can occur during a colonoscopy when the colon wall is accidentally torn or punctured. It requires immediate medical attention.

6. Infection: In rare cases, a colonoscopy can introduce bacteria into the colon, leading to an infection. Symptoms of infection may include fever, chills, and abdominal pain.

7. Allergic reaction: Some individuals may have an allergic reaction to the sedative or anesthesia used during the colonoscopy, although this is also uncommon.

It's important to note that these side effects are generally mild and occur in a small percentage of individuals. Before undergoing a colonoscopy, your doctor will discuss the potential benefits and risks of the procedure with you and take measures to minimize the likelihood of any complications.