What is colonic angioectasia?

Colonic angioectasia, also known as vascular ectasia, is a condition characterized by the development of abnormal, dilated blood vessels in the colon. These vessels are often found in the mucosal layer of the colon and may appear as small, red, or purple spots or streaks on the colon's surface.

Colonic angioectasia is usually found in older adults and is often associated with chronic constipation or diverticular disease. It is important to note that colonic angioectasia itself is not a serious condition, but it can sometimes cause bleeding, leading to anemia or other complications.

Symptoms of colonic angioectasia may include:

- Rectal bleeding: The most common symptom is the passage of bright red blood from the rectum. This bleeding can be intermittent or continuous.

- Anemia: Chronic bleeding from colonic angioectasia can lead to anemia, characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and pale skin.

- Abdominal pain: Some individuals with colonic angioectasia may experience abdominal pain or discomfort, especially after a bowel movement.

Diagnosis: The diagnosis of colonic angioectasia is typically made during a colonoscopy, a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a camera on the end is inserted into the colon and rectum to visualize the colon's interior. During the colonoscopy, the doctor can directly observe the abnormal blood vessels and may also take tissue samples (biopsies) for further examination.

Treatment: The primary goal of treatment for colonic angioectasia is to control or stop bleeding. This may involve various approaches, including:

- Endoscopic therapy: During a colonoscopy, the doctor may use techniques such as electrocautery (burning the blood vessels), argon plasma coagulation (APC), or laser therapy to cauterize and seal the abnormal blood vessels.

- Medication: Iron supplements may be prescribed to treat anemia caused by chronic bleeding. Stool softeners or laxatives may also be recommended to prevent constipation and reduce straining, which can worsen bleeding.

- Blood transfusion: In severe cases of anemia, a blood transfusion may be necessary to replenish the lost red blood cells.

Colonic angioectasia usually responds well to treatment, and most individuals experience relief from symptoms and improvement in their overall condition. Regular colonoscopies may be recommended to monitor the condition and detect any further abnormalities in the colon.