What is spina bifida cystica?

Spina bifida cystica, also known as myelomeningocele, is a serious birth defect that occurs when the spine and spinal cord fail to develop properly. It is a type of neural tube defect, which are birth defects that affect the brain, spinal cord, or both.

In spina bifida cystica, the spinal cord and the surrounding membranes (meninges) protrude through an opening in the back. The spinal cord and nerves may be damaged, leading to a variety of problems, including paralysis, incontinence, and learning disabilities.

Spina bifida cystica is a serious condition that can have lifelong consequences. However, with early diagnosis and treatment, many children with spina bifida are able to live full and productive lives.

Symptoms of spina bifida cystica:

* A sac-like protrusion on the back

* Weakness or paralysis in the legs

* Incontinence

* Difficulty with balance and coordination

* Learning disabilities

* Seizures

Treatment for spina bifida cystica:

* Surgery to close the opening in the back

* Treatment for hydrocephalus (a buildup of fluid in the brain)

* Physical therapy

* Occupational therapy

* Speech therapy

* Special education

Causes of spina bifida cystica:

The exact cause of spina bifida cystica is unknown, but it is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some of the risk factors for spina bifida cystica include:

* Family history of spina bifida

* Certain medications, such as valproic acid (Depakote)

* Diabetes

* Obesity

* Folic acid deficiency

Prevention of spina bifida cystica:

There is no sure way to prevent spina bifida cystica, but the risk of having a child with spina bifida can be reduced by:

* Taking folic acid supplements before and during pregnancy

* Eating a healthy diet

* Maintaining a healthy weight

* Avoiding alcohol and tobacco smoke

* Managing your diabetes