Regulatory genes in cells fail to function properly and allow cancer develop what are they called?

Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that help control cell growth and division. However, when these genes are mutated, they can become oncogenes, which can lead to cancer.

Proto-oncogenes can be mutated by a variety of factors, including exposure to carcinogens, radiation, and viruses. When a proto-oncogene is mutated, it can produce a protein that is constantly active, even when it is not needed. This can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and division, which can eventually lead to cancer.

There are many different types of proto-oncogenes, and each one can lead to a different type of cancer. Some of the most common proto-oncogenes include:

* MYC: This proto-oncogene is involved in cell growth and division. When it is mutated, it can lead to a variety of cancers, including lung cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer.

* RAS: This proto-oncogene is involved in cell signaling. When it is mutated, it can lead to a variety of cancers, including lung cancer, colon cancer, and leukemia.

* TP53: This proto-oncogene is involved in DNA repair. When it is mutated, it can lead to a variety of cancers, including lung cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer.

Proto-oncogenes are important targets for cancer therapy. By understanding how these genes work, scientists can develop drugs that can block their activity and prevent cancer cells from growing and dividing.