What are the end stages of multiple myeloma?

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a type of blood cancer that develops in plasma cells. It is classified into three stages based on the severity of the disease:

- Stage I:

- Low levels of monoclonal protein (M protein) in the blood and urine

- Relatively small amount of myeloma cells in the bone marrow

- No related organ or tissue damage

- Stage II:

- Higher levels of M protein in the blood and urine compared to stage I

- Increased myeloma cells in the bone marrow

- No related organ or tissue damage

- Stage III:

- High levels of M protein in the blood and urine

- Extensive myeloma cells in the bone marrow

- Presence of related organ or tissue damage, such as:

- Anemia (low red blood cell count)

- Kidney damage (elevated creatinine levels)

- Bone lesions

- Hypercalcemia (high levels of calcium in the blood)

The staging system for MM helps healthcare providers determine the appropriate treatment plan and assess the prognosis of the patient.