Why might a person with leukemia be prone to abnormal bleeding?

People with leukemia are prone to abnormal bleeding due to several reasons:

Platelet Dysfunction: Leukemia can affect the production and function of platelets, which are essential for blood clotting. Platelets help stop bleeding by clumping together and forming a plug at the site of injury. In leukemia, the bone marrow may be disrupted, leading to a decrease in platelet production. Additionally, leukemia cells can interfere with the normal function of platelets, making them less effective in forming clots.

Abnormal Blood Vessel Formation: Leukemia can cause the formation of abnormal blood vessels that are fragile and prone to leakage. These abnormal vessels can easily rupture, leading to bleeding. Leukemia cells can secrete factors that stimulate the growth of new blood vessels and disrupt the normal architecture of the existing ones. As a result, the integrity of the blood vessels is compromised, increasing the risk of bleeding.

Thrombocytopenia: Leukemia can lead to thrombocytopenia, a condition characterized by a decreased platelet count. With fewer platelets available, the blood's ability to form clots is impaired, making the individual more susceptible to bleeding.

Vitamin K Deficiency: Some leukemia medications, such as chemotherapy drugs, can interfere with the absorption or metabolism of vitamin K. Vitamin K is crucial for the synthesis of clotting factors, which are proteins necessary for proper blood clotting. Therefore, vitamin K deficiency can further increase the risk of bleeding in people with leukemia.