Which lab values are used to monitor liver function?

Several lab values are commonly used to monitor liver function:

1. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT): Also known as serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), ALT is an enzyme primarily found in the liver. Elevated ALT levels can indicate liver damage or inflammation.

2. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST): Similar to ALT, AST is another enzyme present in the liver and other tissues. Elevated AST levels can also suggest liver damage or injury.

3. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP): ALP is an enzyme found in the liver, bones, and other tissues. Increased ALP levels can indicate liver problems, bone disorders, or bile duct issues.

4. Total bilirubin: Bilirubin is a yellow pigment formed during the breakdown of red blood cells. Elevated total bilirubin levels can be a sign of liver disease, bile duct obstruction, or increased red blood cell destruction.

5. Direct bilirubin: Direct bilirubin is the conjugated form of bilirubin, which is ready to be excreted from the liver into the bile. High direct bilirubin levels may indicate liver damage, bile duct problems, or liver failure.

6. Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT): GGT is an enzyme found in the liver and other tissues. Elevated GGT levels can be associated with liver disease, alcohol consumption, or certain medications.

7. Albumin: Albumin is a protein produced by the liver. Low albumin levels can indicate liver damage or impaired liver function.

8. Prothrombin time (PT): PT measures the time it takes for blood to clot. The liver produces clotting factors, so abnormal PT results may indicate liver disease or vitamin K deficiency.

Changes in these lab values can provide insights into liver function and health. However, it's essential for a healthcare professional to interpret the results in the context of a patient's overall health and symptoms to make an accurate diagnosis. Additional tests and evaluations may be necessary to confirm or determine the cause of any abnormalities in liver function tests.