What happens in a Liver biopsy?

A liver biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small piece of liver tissue is extracted for examination under a microscope. It's typically performed to diagnose liver-related conditions, assess the severity of liver damage, and monitor treatment progress. Here's an overview of what happens during a liver biopsy:

1. Preparation:

- You may be asked to fast for 8-12 hours before the procedure to minimize the risk of complications.

- Your doctor will explain the procedure, potential risks, and provide instructions for post-procedure care.

- You'll be asked to sign a consent form.

2. Local Anesthesia:

- The biopsy site on the abdomen is cleansed, and a local anesthetic is injected to numb the area. This helps minimize discomfort during the procedure.

3. Liver Biopsy Techniques:

a) Percutaneous Biopsy:

- This is the most common type of liver biopsy. A thin needle is inserted through the skin and into the liver to extract a tissue sample.

b) Transjugular Biopsy:

- If you have a bleeding disorder or problems with blood coagulation, a transjugular biopsy may be preferred. In this technique, a small incision is made in the neck and a thin, flexible tube (catheter) is inserted into the jugular vein. The catheter is then guided into the liver, where the biopsy is taken.

4. Sample Collection:

- Once the needle or catheter is in place, a small amount of liver tissue is extracted using a specialized instrument. The sample is placed in a container and sent to a laboratory for analysis.

5. Pressure Application:

- After the biopsy, pressure is applied to the biopsy site to help stop any bleeding. A bandage is applied to cover the wound.

6. Recovery:

- You'll be monitored for a few hours after the biopsy to ensure there are no complications.

- You may experience some discomfort or pain at the biopsy site, which can be managed with pain medication.

- You'll be given specific instructions on caring for the biopsy site, including avoiding strenuous activities and maintaining wound hygiene.

7. Results and Follow-Up:

- The liver tissue sample is analyzed in a laboratory to evaluate the liver cells, any abnormalities, signs of inflammation, scarring, or other liver diseases.

- Your doctor will discuss the biopsy results with you and determine the appropriate treatment or management plan based on the findings.

It's important to follow your doctor's instructions before and after the liver biopsy to ensure a safe and smooth procedure.